Understanding of Leadership According to Experts
The Following Is The Definition Of Understanding Of Leadership According To Experts.
William G. Scott
Leadership is the process of influencing activities carried out in a group in its efforts to achieve the goals set.
F. A. Nigro
The essence of leadership is to influence other activities.
F. I. Munson "The Management of Man"
Leadership as the ability or capacity to overcome people so as to achieve maximum results with the smallest possible friction and perhaps the greatest formation of cooperation.
Ordway Tead
Leadership as a merger temperament that makes a person might be able to encourage several others to get the job done.
Hemhill and Coon
Leadership is the attitude of an individual who leads group activities on the goals to be achieved together.
Rauch and Behling
Leadership is the process of influencing organized group activity towards achieving goals.
Kartini Kartono
Leadership is a specific, specific character, needed in certain situations. Because the group carries out certain activities and has specific goals and equipment. Group leaders with characteristic features are functions of certain situations.
Tannenbaum, Weschler and Massarik
Leadership is interpersonal influence, which is carried out in certain situations, and is directed through the communication process, to achieve certain goals or more.
P. Pigors
Leadership is the process of pushing and pushing through managed interactions from various individual differences, controlling one's strength in pursuing shared goals.
George R. Terry
Leadership is the relationship that exists within a person or leader and the influence of others to want to work consciously in relation to the task of achieving desired goals.
Stephen J. Carrol and Henry L. Tosj
Leadership is the process of influencing others to do what they want to do.
Theo Haiman and William G. Scott
Leadership is the process by which several people are directed, led and influenced in the selection and achievement of goals.
Duben
Leadership is the activity of government and decision makers.
Reed
Leadership is a way to influence one's behavior to fight can be done following the will of the leader.
G. L. Feman and E. K. Taylor
Leadership is the ability to create group activities to achieve organizational goals with maximum effectiveness and cooperation from each individual.
James M. Black
Leadership is the ability to be able to convince others to work together under his leadership into an integrated team to achieve a certain goal.
P. Pigors "Ledearship
Leadership is a process of control of people jostling to pursue shared goals, which are managed through the interaction of individual differences.
C. Schenk "Leadership": Infantry Journal
Management leadership is to know people by means of persuasion and inspiration rather than through direction and the like, or even violence, hidden threats.
H. Kootz & O 'Donnel "Principles of Management"
Leadership is an activity to persuade people to work together towards a common goal.
Domination
Leadership is a process that controls the power to pursue shared goals, through the successful interaction of various individuals.
Leadership Theory
The following are theories from a leader.
Trait Theory
Keith Devis formulated 4 general characteristics that influence the success of organizational leadership, including:
Also Read Articles That May Be Related: Understanding Text Reviews, Examples, Characteristics, Purpose, Structure and Rules
Intelligence
Maturity and Extent of Social Relations
Self Motivation and Achievement
Attitude of Human Relations
Behavioral Leadership Theories and Situations
Based on research, the behavior of a leader who bases this theory has a tendency towards 2 things.
The first is called Konsiderasi which is the tendency of a leader to describe a close relationship with subordinates. Examples of symptoms that exist in this case such as: defending subordinates, giving input to subordinates and willing to consult with subordinates.
The second is called the Initiation Structure, which is the tendency of a leader to give boundaries to subordinates. Examples that can be seen, subordinates get instructions in carrying out the task, when, how to work
Relationship of Power and Politics
Relationship of Power and Politics
Ramlan Surbakti in his book entitled Understanding Political Science, states that power is a concept related to behavior. Power is seen as a symptom that is always present in the political process.
In the political science dictionary there are several concepts related to power (power), such as influence (influence), persuasion (persuasion), force (strength), coercion (violence) and so forth.
Influence is the ability to influence others to change their attitudes and behavior voluntarily. Persuasion is the ability to convince others with an argument to do something. Force is the use of physical pressure, such as limiting freedom, causing pain or limiting the fulfillment of the biological needs of others to do something.
The definition of coercion is a demonstration of power or threats and coercion carried out by a person or group of other parties in order to behave and behave in accordance with the wishes of the owner of power.
From the above concept, political power can be formulated as the ability to use sources of influence to influence the process of making and implementing political decisions so that decisions benefit themselves, their groups or society in general.
If someone, an organization, or a political party can organize so that various relevant state bodies for example make rules that prohibit or require a thing or case, then they have political power.
A close variation of political power is authority (authority), the ability to make others do things on the basis of the law or the mandate obtained from a power.
A policeman who can stop a car on the road does not mean he has power, but he has the authority he obtained from the Traffic Law. Thus, if a holder of authority carries out his authority not in accordance with the mandate of the rules that he runs, then he has abused his authority, and for that he can be prosecuted and subject to sanctions.
The desire to have power is a natural state of humanity, exactly as intended by Sartre and Nietsche. For Sartre, basic human needs are considered important and valued. As for Nietsche, humans are basically always driven by the desire to become supermen, powerful humans. In the context of political position, it may be this natural human desire that drives a person to pursue political power.
According to Lord Acton, power tends to corrupt and absolute power is certainly corrupt. It is already known to many people, especially those who pay attention to the practice of power or politics, both in government, corporations, and social organizations. On the other hand, because politics tries to manage and control the affairs of society, politics can also be used as a means to convey goodness and truth to the wider community .
However, the opposite happened. People who went through the political process at the same time were given the mandate to work for the people instead became the first people to betray the mandate, by putting forward their own personal and group interests above those of the people.
So, it is actually the people who work in the political orbit, and not politics itself, who have made the stigma and label that politics is always oriented to power.
Examples of Power
For example the President, he made a law (the subject of power) but must also be subject to the law (the object of power).
Ramlan Surbakti in his book entitled Understanding Political Science, states that power is a concept related to behavior. Power is seen as a symptom that is always present in the political process.
In the political science dictionary there are several concepts related to power (power), such as influence (influence), persuasion (persuasion), force (strength), coercion (violence) and so forth.
Influence is the ability to influence others to change their attitudes and behavior voluntarily. Persuasion is the ability to convince others with an argument to do something. Force is the use of physical pressure, such as limiting freedom, causing pain or limiting the fulfillment of the biological needs of others to do something.
The definition of coercion is a demonstration of power or threats and coercion carried out by a person or group of other parties in order to behave and behave in accordance with the wishes of the owner of power.
From the above concept, political power can be formulated as the ability to use sources of influence to influence the process of making and implementing political decisions so that decisions benefit themselves, their groups or society in general.
If someone, an organization, or a political party can organize so that various relevant state bodies for example make rules that prohibit or require a thing or case, then they have political power.
A close variation of political power is authority (authority), the ability to make others do things on the basis of the law or the mandate obtained from a power.
A policeman who can stop a car on the road does not mean he has power, but he has the authority he obtained from the Traffic Law. Thus, if a holder of authority carries out his authority not in accordance with the mandate of the rules that he runs, then he has abused his authority, and for that he can be prosecuted and subject to sanctions.
The desire to have power is a natural state of humanity, exactly as intended by Sartre and Nietsche. For Sartre, basic human needs are considered important and valued. As for Nietsche, humans are basically always driven by the desire to become supermen, powerful humans. In the context of political position, it may be this natural human desire that drives a person to pursue political power.
According to Lord Acton, power tends to corrupt and absolute power is certainly corrupt. It is already known to many people, especially those who pay attention to the practice of power or politics, both in government, corporations, and social organizations. On the other hand, because politics tries to manage and control the affairs of society, politics can also be used as a means to convey goodness and truth to the wider community .
However, the opposite happened. People who went through the political process at the same time were given the mandate to work for the people instead became the first people to betray the mandate, by putting forward their own personal and group interests above those of the people.
So, it is actually the people who work in the political orbit, and not politics itself, who have made the stigma and label that politics is always oriented to power.
Examples of Power
For example the President, he made a law (the subject of power) but must also be subject to the law (the object of power).
Power and Leadership Differences
Power and Leadership Differences
The success of a leader is largely determined by his ability to understand the situation and skills in determining the right type of power to respond to the demands of the situation.
Therefore, power is often seen as equality of leadership. Though power cannot be equated with leadership. Some differences between the two, are:
Power does not demand compatibility of targets, but merely demands dependence. Whereas leadership demands compatibility between the leaders' goals and their followers.
Power can be used by individuals or groups to control other individuals or groups. Whereas leadership only focuses on downward influence (subordinates), and minimizes the pattern of influence to the side or parallel and upward.
To obtain compliance, power emphasizes the tactics used. Whereas leadership emphasizes more on the interpersonal style.
Legitimacy of Power
In government it has a different meaning: "power" is defined as "the ability to influence someone to be able to do something if done", but this "authority" will refer to claims of legitimacy, rights and justification to exercise power.
For example, the public is allowed to have the power to punish criminals with capital punishment without a trial, whereas civilized people believe in the rule of law and the law and assume that only in a court according to law can have the authority to order the death penalty.
Power is positive
It is an ability that is bestowed by God to an individual as the highest authority that can influence and change the thinking of another person or group to do what is desired by the authority holder seriously and or not because of coercion both physically and mentally. But not in power a ruling has authority, because the authority is special.
Negative Power
It is the nature or time of someone who is arrogant, apathetic, and selfish in influencing others to take action that they want to hold to power by force or pressure both mentally and physically.
Usually power holders who have negative traits do not have good intellectual and emotional intelligence, they only think short in making decisions without having to do sharp thinking in decision making,
they cannot even carry out the commands they command to others who are under their control due to limited thinking power. And generally power with a negative character is only looking for personal gain / group above his power.
Authority of Power
Authority is a right that has been established in a social order to establish policies, determine decisions regarding important issues, and to resolve conflicts. There are three kinds of authority, namely:
Charismatic authority (charismatic authority)
Charismatic authority is an authority based on charisma, which is a special ability (revelation, pulung) that exists in a person. Charismatic authority takes the form of an authority for the person himself and can be exercised against a group of people or even the largest part of society.
Traditional Authority (traditional authority)
The characteristics of traditional authority are:
There are traditional provisions that bind the authorities who have the authority, as well as other people in the community
There is a higher authority than the position of someone who is personally present
As long as there is no conflict with traditional provisions, people can act freely.
Rational / Legal Authority (rational / legal authority)
Rational / legal authority is the authority that is based on the legal system in force in society. The legal system here is understood as rules that have been recognized and adhered to by the community and even those that have been strengthened by the state.
The success of a leader is largely determined by his ability to understand the situation and skills in determining the right type of power to respond to the demands of the situation.
Therefore, power is often seen as equality of leadership. Though power cannot be equated with leadership. Some differences between the two, are:
Power does not demand compatibility of targets, but merely demands dependence. Whereas leadership demands compatibility between the leaders' goals and their followers.
Power can be used by individuals or groups to control other individuals or groups. Whereas leadership only focuses on downward influence (subordinates), and minimizes the pattern of influence to the side or parallel and upward.
To obtain compliance, power emphasizes the tactics used. Whereas leadership emphasizes more on the interpersonal style.
Legitimacy of Power
In government it has a different meaning: "power" is defined as "the ability to influence someone to be able to do something if done", but this "authority" will refer to claims of legitimacy, rights and justification to exercise power.
For example, the public is allowed to have the power to punish criminals with capital punishment without a trial, whereas civilized people believe in the rule of law and the law and assume that only in a court according to law can have the authority to order the death penalty.
Power is positive
It is an ability that is bestowed by God to an individual as the highest authority that can influence and change the thinking of another person or group to do what is desired by the authority holder seriously and or not because of coercion both physically and mentally. But not in power a ruling has authority, because the authority is special.
Negative Power
It is the nature or time of someone who is arrogant, apathetic, and selfish in influencing others to take action that they want to hold to power by force or pressure both mentally and physically.
Usually power holders who have negative traits do not have good intellectual and emotional intelligence, they only think short in making decisions without having to do sharp thinking in decision making,
they cannot even carry out the commands they command to others who are under their control due to limited thinking power. And generally power with a negative character is only looking for personal gain / group above his power.
Authority of Power
Authority is a right that has been established in a social order to establish policies, determine decisions regarding important issues, and to resolve conflicts. There are three kinds of authority, namely:
Charismatic authority (charismatic authority)
Charismatic authority is an authority based on charisma, which is a special ability (revelation, pulung) that exists in a person. Charismatic authority takes the form of an authority for the person himself and can be exercised against a group of people or even the largest part of society.
Traditional Authority (traditional authority)
The characteristics of traditional authority are:
There are traditional provisions that bind the authorities who have the authority, as well as other people in the community
There is a higher authority than the position of someone who is personally present
As long as there is no conflict with traditional provisions, people can act freely.
Rational / Legal Authority (rational / legal authority)
Rational / legal authority is the authority that is based on the legal system in force in society. The legal system here is understood as rules that have been recognized and adhered to by the community and even those that have been strengthened by the state.
Understanding Power According to Experts
Understanding Power According to Experts
The following is an Understanding of Power According to Experts.
Rogers
Power is the ability of someone who can change other people or groups in a specific way, for example in the power and implementation of his work.
Ossip K Flechtheim
Social power is the entirety of capabilities, relationships and processes that result in obedience from other parties for the goals set by the holder of power.
Ramlan Surbakti
Power is the ability to influence others to behave and think according to the will that influences.
Walterd Nord
Power is the ability to influence the flow of energy and available funds to achieve a goal that is clearly different from other goals.
Miriam Budiardjo
Power is the ability of a human to influence his behavior to someone / group in such a way, so that the behavior becomes in accordance with the desires and goals of the person who has that power (Miriam Budiardjo).
The nature of power
Power is more corrupt tends to be an expression we often hear, in English "Power tends to corrupct". Power can be said to be inherent in one's position or in that person, the explanation above is described as follows:
Position Power, the power that is in a person's position in an organization
Personal Power, the power that is in the person as a social relationship.
Source of Power
The source of power can be in the form of position, wealth or trust. For example a commander of his men or an employer of his employees. In this case subordinates can be prosecuted if they violate work discipline or commit corruption.
The source of power can also be wealth. For example a wealthy businessman has power over a politician or a subordinate who has a debt that has not been repaid.
Power can also come from beliefs or religion. In many places alim ulama have power over their people, so they are considered as informal leaders who need to be taken into account in the decision-making process in that place.
Types of Power
According to MacIver there are three general patterns of power layer / power pyramid system, which are as follows:
The first type (caste type)
is a power layer system with a clear and rigid dividing line. This type is usually found in caste communities, where almost no vertical social movement occurs.
The second type (oligarchic type)
still has a clear dividing line. However, the basis for the differentiation of social classes is determined by the culture of society, especially on the opportunities given to citizens to obtain certain powers. The difference with the first type is that although the position of citizens in the second type is still based on birth ascribed status, individuals are still given the opportunity to move up the layers.
The third type (democratic type)
shows the fact that there will be a dividing line between the layers which are once cars. The birth of a person does not determine a person, the most important is ability and sometimes also the luck factor.
The following is an Understanding of Power According to Experts.
Rogers
Power is the ability of someone who can change other people or groups in a specific way, for example in the power and implementation of his work.
Ossip K Flechtheim
Social power is the entirety of capabilities, relationships and processes that result in obedience from other parties for the goals set by the holder of power.
Ramlan Surbakti
Power is the ability to influence others to behave and think according to the will that influences.
Walterd Nord
Power is the ability to influence the flow of energy and available funds to achieve a goal that is clearly different from other goals.
Miriam Budiardjo
Power is the ability of a human to influence his behavior to someone / group in such a way, so that the behavior becomes in accordance with the desires and goals of the person who has that power (Miriam Budiardjo).
The nature of power
Power is more corrupt tends to be an expression we often hear, in English "Power tends to corrupct". Power can be said to be inherent in one's position or in that person, the explanation above is described as follows:
Position Power, the power that is in a person's position in an organization
Personal Power, the power that is in the person as a social relationship.
Source of Power
The source of power can be in the form of position, wealth or trust. For example a commander of his men or an employer of his employees. In this case subordinates can be prosecuted if they violate work discipline or commit corruption.
The source of power can also be wealth. For example a wealthy businessman has power over a politician or a subordinate who has a debt that has not been repaid.
Power can also come from beliefs or religion. In many places alim ulama have power over their people, so they are considered as informal leaders who need to be taken into account in the decision-making process in that place.
Types of Power
According to MacIver there are three general patterns of power layer / power pyramid system, which are as follows:
The first type (caste type)
is a power layer system with a clear and rigid dividing line. This type is usually found in caste communities, where almost no vertical social movement occurs.
The second type (oligarchic type)
still has a clear dividing line. However, the basis for the differentiation of social classes is determined by the culture of society, especially on the opportunities given to citizens to obtain certain powers. The difference with the first type is that although the position of citizens in the second type is still based on birth ascribed status, individuals are still given the opportunity to move up the layers.
The third type (democratic type)
shows the fact that there will be a dividing line between the layers which are once cars. The birth of a person does not determine a person, the most important is ability and sometimes also the luck factor.
Frontliner Requirements and Teller Duty
Frontliner Requirements and Teller Duty
Tellers
Tellers are officers of the Bank whose daily work is to serve customers in terms of banking financial transactions by their customers. The task of a stoned in general is to help, handle and provide solutions for all customers who want to conduct banking transactions and provide a cash or non-cash service.
Teller Duty
Tellers have the duty to provide banking services for customers and prospective customers in a bank. The teller function becomes very crucial because every day they are directly dealing with customers, this requires that a teller must look perfect at all times in order to provide the best service to customers.
A teller must arrive on time according to the time of entry, and ensure all equipment is functioning properly, such as a calculator, computer and other equipment
Be friendly to all customers, always greet or breeting and give thanks
Maintain appearance in accordance with bank standards such as how to dress, neat hair, and using Bank ID cards and others.
Every time they make a deposit and withdraw cash a teller is required to do a customer money calculation
Perform a non-cash payment transaction or cash to customers who transact and update transaction data on a computer system.
Obliged to provide receipt slips to customers who transact and sign it as a signature of endorsement
Responsible for the compatibility between the amount of cash in the system and the cash it receives.
The two positions and positions above are part of the frontliner because the function of the frontliner itself is to be the vanguard of a bank that deals directly with customers and prospective customers, a frontliner is required to give an attractive impression every time.
A front liner is also required to be able to give the best impression to customers, have an innovative ability to customers, look good and attractive, can work with teams or work alone, have the ability to communicate well and clearly.
Frontliner Requirements
Must be attractive in terms of face and appearance
Having a professional height and weight
Physically and mentally healthy
Having a strong mentality in terms of serving customers
Have a high sense of humor and curiosity
Energetic and workmanlike
Able to control oneself
Not easily provoked emotions and harsh words
Having a high social life
Wise
Having high character
Good at getting along and socializing with the environment
Able to work together and commit to various types of parties
Definition of Power
Power is an authority that can be obtained by a person / group to carry out that authority in accordance with the authority given, authority cannot be exercised beyond the authority obtained or the ability to influence the behavior of people / groups in accordance with the wishes of the perpetrators (Miriam Budiarjo, 2002)
or Power is the ability to influence others to think and behave according to the will that influences (Ramlan Surbakti, 1992).
In public speaking, power can mean group power, state official power, royal power ,. So it is not wrong if power is the ability to influence other parties according to the will who has that power.
Robert Mac Iver said that Power is the ability to control the behavior of other people both willingly by giving commands / indirectly by using all available methods or tools. Power is usually in the form of relationships, some are ruled and some are governed. Humans act as both objects and subjects of power.
Tellers
Tellers are officers of the Bank whose daily work is to serve customers in terms of banking financial transactions by their customers. The task of a stoned in general is to help, handle and provide solutions for all customers who want to conduct banking transactions and provide a cash or non-cash service.
Teller Duty
Tellers have the duty to provide banking services for customers and prospective customers in a bank. The teller function becomes very crucial because every day they are directly dealing with customers, this requires that a teller must look perfect at all times in order to provide the best service to customers.
A teller must arrive on time according to the time of entry, and ensure all equipment is functioning properly, such as a calculator, computer and other equipment
Be friendly to all customers, always greet or breeting and give thanks
Maintain appearance in accordance with bank standards such as how to dress, neat hair, and using Bank ID cards and others.
Every time they make a deposit and withdraw cash a teller is required to do a customer money calculation
Perform a non-cash payment transaction or cash to customers who transact and update transaction data on a computer system.
Obliged to provide receipt slips to customers who transact and sign it as a signature of endorsement
Responsible for the compatibility between the amount of cash in the system and the cash it receives.
The two positions and positions above are part of the frontliner because the function of the frontliner itself is to be the vanguard of a bank that deals directly with customers and prospective customers, a frontliner is required to give an attractive impression every time.
A front liner is also required to be able to give the best impression to customers, have an innovative ability to customers, look good and attractive, can work with teams or work alone, have the ability to communicate well and clearly.
Frontliner Requirements
Must be attractive in terms of face and appearance
Having a professional height and weight
Physically and mentally healthy
Having a strong mentality in terms of serving customers
Have a high sense of humor and curiosity
Energetic and workmanlike
Able to control oneself
Not easily provoked emotions and harsh words
Having a high social life
Wise
Having high character
Good at getting along and socializing with the environment
Able to work together and commit to various types of parties
Definition of Power
Power is an authority that can be obtained by a person / group to carry out that authority in accordance with the authority given, authority cannot be exercised beyond the authority obtained or the ability to influence the behavior of people / groups in accordance with the wishes of the perpetrators (Miriam Budiarjo, 2002)
or Power is the ability to influence others to think and behave according to the will that influences (Ramlan Surbakti, 1992).
In public speaking, power can mean group power, state official power, royal power ,. So it is not wrong if power is the ability to influence other parties according to the will who has that power.
Robert Mac Iver said that Power is the ability to control the behavior of other people both willingly by giving commands / indirectly by using all available methods or tools. Power is usually in the form of relationships, some are ruled and some are governed. Humans act as both objects and subjects of power.
Authority After Discussion
Authority After Discussion (authority rule after discussion)
The autocratic nature of decision making is less when compared to the first method. Because the authority rule after discussion method considers the opinions or opinions of more than one member of the organization in the decision making process.
Thus, decisions taken through this method will improve the quality and responsibility of its members as well as the emergence of the speed aspect (quickness) in decision making as a result of efforts to avoid the process of discussion that is too broad. In other words, the opinions of members of the organization are highly considered in the decision-making process, but the autocratic behavior of the leader, the group is still influential.
This decision making method also has a weakness, namely the members of the organization will compete to influence the decision maker or decision maker. This means how the members of the organization who express their opinions in the decision making process, trying to influence the group leader that his opinions that need attention and consideration.
Frontliner - Definition, Tasks, Types, Functions, Conditions
Frontliner - Definition, Duties, Types, Functions, Requirements: Hearing the word Frontliner sounds unfamiliar to ordinary people, we only often hear the word customer service and teller, even though both of these are types of positions from the frontliner.
Frontliner Definition
Frontliner is a job category in a company usually banking and other services. In general, front liners are tasked to serve customers directly.
Frontliner's duty
The task of the frontliner to provide customers with clear information is the main task of this type of work. A Frontline must look attractive and polite, because to reflect the image of the company where he works.
A frontline must have the following behaviors namely, be sincere smile, warm face and full of enthusiasm, regard the customer as an important person, always listen to a customer's needs, always mention the name of the customer, have good body language, have good product knowledge, and finally have a neat pregnancy.
Frontliner Position Types
Positions in the frontliner may include the following:
Customer Service
Customer service is an activity that aims to provide a service or service to clients, consumers, customers and others - in solving a problem that is being experienced while maintaining a comfort and satisfaction.
The service that can be provided by a customer service is to receive complaints and problems from consumers and provide a solution or a solution to the problem.
Duties and Functions of Customer Service
A customer service must be able and clever in solving a problem or in other ways looking for a way out to solve a problem faced by consumers or customers.
The task of a customer service is to provide a good service and maintain good relations with customers, clients, or customers. Customer service also functions to:
Customer Service Duties
Reception
Communicator, by providing information and facilities to customers who need help
Provides information on bank products
Served to Serve bookkeeping and closing customer accounts
Handling complaint, to serve all forms of complaints from customers
Served to serve customers in terms of services or products, (transfers, collections, transfer of passbooks, and others
Carry out the tasks given by superiors
The autocratic nature of decision making is less when compared to the first method. Because the authority rule after discussion method considers the opinions or opinions of more than one member of the organization in the decision making process.
Thus, decisions taken through this method will improve the quality and responsibility of its members as well as the emergence of the speed aspect (quickness) in decision making as a result of efforts to avoid the process of discussion that is too broad. In other words, the opinions of members of the organization are highly considered in the decision-making process, but the autocratic behavior of the leader, the group is still influential.
This decision making method also has a weakness, namely the members of the organization will compete to influence the decision maker or decision maker. This means how the members of the organization who express their opinions in the decision making process, trying to influence the group leader that his opinions that need attention and consideration.
Frontliner - Definition, Tasks, Types, Functions, Conditions
Frontliner - Definition, Duties, Types, Functions, Requirements: Hearing the word Frontliner sounds unfamiliar to ordinary people, we only often hear the word customer service and teller, even though both of these are types of positions from the frontliner.
Frontliner Definition
Frontliner is a job category in a company usually banking and other services. In general, front liners are tasked to serve customers directly.
Frontliner's duty
The task of the frontliner to provide customers with clear information is the main task of this type of work. A Frontline must look attractive and polite, because to reflect the image of the company where he works.
A frontline must have the following behaviors namely, be sincere smile, warm face and full of enthusiasm, regard the customer as an important person, always listen to a customer's needs, always mention the name of the customer, have good body language, have good product knowledge, and finally have a neat pregnancy.
Frontliner Position Types
Positions in the frontliner may include the following:
Customer Service
Customer service is an activity that aims to provide a service or service to clients, consumers, customers and others - in solving a problem that is being experienced while maintaining a comfort and satisfaction.
The service that can be provided by a customer service is to receive complaints and problems from consumers and provide a solution or a solution to the problem.
Duties and Functions of Customer Service
A customer service must be able and clever in solving a problem or in other ways looking for a way out to solve a problem faced by consumers or customers.
The task of a customer service is to provide a good service and maintain good relations with customers, clients, or customers. Customer service also functions to:
Customer Service Duties
Reception
Communicator, by providing information and facilities to customers who need help
Provides information on bank products
Served to Serve bookkeeping and closing customer accounts
Handling complaint, to serve all forms of complaints from customers
Served to serve customers in terms of services or products, (transfers, collections, transfer of passbooks, and others
Carry out the tasks given by superiors
Decision Making Stages and Techniques
Decision Making Stages and Techniques
Decision Making Stages
The Steps of Decision Making According to Simon (1960) are as follows:
Intelligence
namely a collection of information to identify a problem.
Design
namely a stage of designing solutions in alternative forms in problem solving.
Choice
namely a stage of choosing from solutions from the alternatives that have been provided.
Implementation
namely a stage of implementing a decision and reporting the results.
Elements of Decision Making
The Following Are The Elements Of Decision Making.
the first is the purpose of decision making
the second Identification of alternative decisions that solve a problem
The third is a calculation of factors that cannot be known before or beyond human reach
And finally the tools and equipment to evaluate or measure the results of a decision.
Factors that need to be considered in Decision Making
Factors that need to be considered in decision making according to Terry, namely:
The tangible as well as the intangible, emotional and rational things need to be taken into account in decision making.
Every decision must be made as material to achieve organizational goals.
Every decision should not be oriented towards personal interests, but must prioritize the interests of the organization.
Rarely do satisfactory choices, therefore make alternative alternatives.
Decision making is a mental action from this action must be changed into physical action.
Effective decision making takes a long time.
Practical decision making is needed to get better results.
Every decision should be institutionalized so that the decision is known to be true.
Each decision is the beginning of the next set of chain activities.
Decision Making Techniques
Decision Making Methods
In the decision making process there are several methods that are often used by leaders, namely:
Authority without discussion (Authority Rule Without Discussion)
This method of decision making is often used by autocratic leaders or in military leadership. This method has several advantages, namely fast, in the sense that the organization does not have enough time to decide what to do.
In addition, this method is quite perfectly acceptable if the decision making that is carried out relates to routine issues that do not require discussion to get the approval of its members. However, if this decision-making method is used too often, it will cause problems, such as the emergence of distrust of members of the organization against the decisions determined by their leaders, because they are not even involved in the decision-making process.
Decision making will have a more meaningful quality, if made together involving all members of the group, than decisions taken individually.
Expert opinion
Sometimes a member of an organization is given the title of an expert as an expert, making it possible to have the power and power to make decisions. This decision-making method will work well, if a member of the organization who is considered an expert really has no doubt about his ability in certain matters by other members.
In many cases, the problem of people who are considered experts is not a simple problem, because it is very difficult to determine indicators that can measure people who are considered experts (superior).
Some argue that an expert is someone who has the best quality; to make a decision, but on the contrary not a few people who disagree with these measures. Therefore, determining whether someone in the group is truly an expert is a complex issue.
Decision Making Stages
The Steps of Decision Making According to Simon (1960) are as follows:
Intelligence
namely a collection of information to identify a problem.
Design
namely a stage of designing solutions in alternative forms in problem solving.
Choice
namely a stage of choosing from solutions from the alternatives that have been provided.
Implementation
namely a stage of implementing a decision and reporting the results.
Elements of Decision Making
The Following Are The Elements Of Decision Making.
the first is the purpose of decision making
the second Identification of alternative decisions that solve a problem
The third is a calculation of factors that cannot be known before or beyond human reach
And finally the tools and equipment to evaluate or measure the results of a decision.
Factors that need to be considered in Decision Making
Factors that need to be considered in decision making according to Terry, namely:
The tangible as well as the intangible, emotional and rational things need to be taken into account in decision making.
Every decision must be made as material to achieve organizational goals.
Every decision should not be oriented towards personal interests, but must prioritize the interests of the organization.
Rarely do satisfactory choices, therefore make alternative alternatives.
Decision making is a mental action from this action must be changed into physical action.
Effective decision making takes a long time.
Practical decision making is needed to get better results.
Every decision should be institutionalized so that the decision is known to be true.
Each decision is the beginning of the next set of chain activities.
Decision Making Techniques
Decision Making Methods
In the decision making process there are several methods that are often used by leaders, namely:
Authority without discussion (Authority Rule Without Discussion)
This method of decision making is often used by autocratic leaders or in military leadership. This method has several advantages, namely fast, in the sense that the organization does not have enough time to decide what to do.
In addition, this method is quite perfectly acceptable if the decision making that is carried out relates to routine issues that do not require discussion to get the approval of its members. However, if this decision-making method is used too often, it will cause problems, such as the emergence of distrust of members of the organization against the decisions determined by their leaders, because they are not even involved in the decision-making process.
Decision making will have a more meaningful quality, if made together involving all members of the group, than decisions taken individually.
Expert opinion
Sometimes a member of an organization is given the title of an expert as an expert, making it possible to have the power and power to make decisions. This decision-making method will work well, if a member of the organization who is considered an expert really has no doubt about his ability in certain matters by other members.
In many cases, the problem of people who are considered experts is not a simple problem, because it is very difficult to determine indicators that can measure people who are considered experts (superior).
Some argue that an expert is someone who has the best quality; to make a decision, but on the contrary not a few people who disagree with these measures. Therefore, determining whether someone in the group is truly an expert is a complex issue.
Definition of Decision Return According to Experts
Definition of Decision Return According to Experts
Every decision-making process always gets one final choice. At its output can be an action (action) or an opinion on choices. The Following Is An Understanding Of Returning Decisions According To Experts.
1. George R. Terry
According to George R. Terry stated that decision making is an alternative selection of certain behaviors (behavior) from two or more alternatives.
2. S.P. Siagian
According to S.P. Siagian states that decision making is a systematic approach to an alternative nature that is faced and takes an action which according to the calculation is the most appropriate action.
3. James A.F. Stoner
According to James A.F. Stoner Decision making is a process used to choose an action that is a way of solving problems.
4. (Kuswardani, 2006)
According to Kuswardani stated that decision making is an individual who is not satisfied with an existing situation or with the prospect of a future situation and who has the authority to take the initiative in taking steps to overcome a situation.
Types of Decision Makers
1. Auto Generated Decisions
In this one decision the decision was taken quickly and paid less attention, considering data, information, facts, and on the field of the decision.
2. Induced Decisions
And this induced decision is made based on scientific management or scientific management, so that the decision is logical, ideal, rational to implement and the risk is relatively small, the decision making process is slower.
The Purpose of Decision Making
In making a decision having a goal in making that decision can be divided into:
1. A single goal
The sole purpose of decision making is that it occurs when the decision produced only concerns one problem, which means that once decided, it has nothing to do with other problems.
2. Objectives that are dual
The purpose of multiple decision making is that it occurs if the decision produced involves more than one problem, which means that the decision taken is at the same time solving two (or more) problems that are contradictory or that are not contradictory.
Decision Making Function
Decision making as a continuation of the way the problem solving has functions include:
The beginning of all conscious and directed human activity, both individually and in groups, both institutional and organizational.
A futuristic one, meaning that it has to do with the future, the future, where the effect or effect lasts long enough.
Decision Making Techniques
1. Operation Research
is by using a scientific method (which consists of mathematical techniques) in the analysis and solving of a particular problem, the application of this technique is an inventory effort.
2. Linear Programming
is to use mathematical formulas, also called vector analysis.
3. Gaming War Games
is the theory commonly used in determining strategy.
4. Probability
is with a theory of possibilities that can be applied to the calculation of the rationality of things that are not normal, in regard to a decision that is considered and taken into account.
5. Ranking and statistical weighting
Namely by:
Placing various factors that will influence a final decision
weigh a factor that can be compared and included in each alternative.
In the case of choosing a must take a decision called decision making.
Every decision-making process always gets one final choice. At its output can be an action (action) or an opinion on choices. The Following Is An Understanding Of Returning Decisions According To Experts.
1. George R. Terry
According to George R. Terry stated that decision making is an alternative selection of certain behaviors (behavior) from two or more alternatives.
2. S.P. Siagian
According to S.P. Siagian states that decision making is a systematic approach to an alternative nature that is faced and takes an action which according to the calculation is the most appropriate action.
3. James A.F. Stoner
According to James A.F. Stoner Decision making is a process used to choose an action that is a way of solving problems.
4. (Kuswardani, 2006)
According to Kuswardani stated that decision making is an individual who is not satisfied with an existing situation or with the prospect of a future situation and who has the authority to take the initiative in taking steps to overcome a situation.
Types of Decision Makers
1. Auto Generated Decisions
In this one decision the decision was taken quickly and paid less attention, considering data, information, facts, and on the field of the decision.
2. Induced Decisions
And this induced decision is made based on scientific management or scientific management, so that the decision is logical, ideal, rational to implement and the risk is relatively small, the decision making process is slower.
The Purpose of Decision Making
In making a decision having a goal in making that decision can be divided into:
1. A single goal
The sole purpose of decision making is that it occurs when the decision produced only concerns one problem, which means that once decided, it has nothing to do with other problems.
2. Objectives that are dual
The purpose of multiple decision making is that it occurs if the decision produced involves more than one problem, which means that the decision taken is at the same time solving two (or more) problems that are contradictory or that are not contradictory.
Decision Making Function
Decision making as a continuation of the way the problem solving has functions include:
The beginning of all conscious and directed human activity, both individually and in groups, both institutional and organizational.
A futuristic one, meaning that it has to do with the future, the future, where the effect or effect lasts long enough.
Decision Making Techniques
1. Operation Research
is by using a scientific method (which consists of mathematical techniques) in the analysis and solving of a particular problem, the application of this technique is an inventory effort.
2. Linear Programming
is to use mathematical formulas, also called vector analysis.
3. Gaming War Games
is the theory commonly used in determining strategy.
4. Probability
is with a theory of possibilities that can be applied to the calculation of the rationality of things that are not normal, in regard to a decision that is considered and taken into account.
5. Ranking and statistical weighting
Namely by:
Placing various factors that will influence a final decision
weigh a factor that can be compared and included in each alternative.
In the case of choosing a must take a decision called decision making.
Service Elements and Product Quality
Service Elements and Product Quality
Definition of quality
Service quality
In general, a high level of service will result in high satisfaction and repeat purchases more often. The said quality contains many definitions and meanings, different people will interpret them differently, but from some definitions can be found to have some similarities, although only the way of delivery is usually found in the following elements:
Because quality management involves all activities of all people, all parts, all functions in the organization, it is the responsibility of quality management of all people involved, all parts, all functions of all levels of management, but it must be controlled by top management (top management) , and implementation must involve all members of the organization.
Service Elements
Quality includes effort or superiority meeting customer expectations.
Quality includes products, services, people, processes and the environment
Quality is a condition that is always changing.
Service Quality According to Experts
Tjiptono (2007), So that the definition of service quality can be interpreted as an effort to meet the needs and desires of consumers and delivery accuracy in balancing consumer expectations.
According to Kotler (2002: 83), the definition of service every action or activity that can be offered by one party to another party, which is basically intangible and does not result in any ownership. Production may or may not be related to physical products.
Product quality
Product Quality (product quality) is the ability of a product to carry out its functions including, durability, reliability, ease of operation and improve accuracy, as well as other valuable attributes. To improve product quality the company can implement the "Total Quality Management (TQM)" program. In addition to reducing product damage, the main objective is to improve the quality of total customer value.
This definition emphasizes customer focus. None of the definitions of quality experts is perfect. But from the definitions there are some similarities, namely the existence of the following elements
Product Elements
Quality is intended to meet or exceed customer expectations.
Quality includes products, services, human processes and the environment.
Quality is a dynamic condition, which is always changing (moving target).
Product Quality According to Experts
Goetsch and Davis (1994), Defining quality that is broader in scope, that is quality is a dynamic condition associated with products, services, people, processes and the environment that meets or exceeds expectations. Service quality is one of the important things that must be considered by company managers.
(Lovelock, 1988), Defining In an effort to improve the quality of the company must pay attention and increase the commitment and awareness and ability of employees and staff, especially for those who deal directly with customers. Although quality systems and techniques are correct, good and true quality should not be realized.
Definition of Decision Making and Its Purpose
Understanding Decision Making - Kinds, Objectives, Functions, Techniques, Stages, Elements, Factors, Methods, Experts: Decisions are the result of resolving the problems it faces explicitly.
Definition of Decision Making
Decision making can be considered as an outcome or an output from a mental or cognitive process that leads to the selection of a course of action among the available alternatives.
Definition of quality
Service quality
In general, a high level of service will result in high satisfaction and repeat purchases more often. The said quality contains many definitions and meanings, different people will interpret them differently, but from some definitions can be found to have some similarities, although only the way of delivery is usually found in the following elements:
Because quality management involves all activities of all people, all parts, all functions in the organization, it is the responsibility of quality management of all people involved, all parts, all functions of all levels of management, but it must be controlled by top management (top management) , and implementation must involve all members of the organization.
Service Elements
Quality includes effort or superiority meeting customer expectations.
Quality includes products, services, people, processes and the environment
Quality is a condition that is always changing.
Service Quality According to Experts
Tjiptono (2007), So that the definition of service quality can be interpreted as an effort to meet the needs and desires of consumers and delivery accuracy in balancing consumer expectations.
According to Kotler (2002: 83), the definition of service every action or activity that can be offered by one party to another party, which is basically intangible and does not result in any ownership. Production may or may not be related to physical products.
Product quality
Product Quality (product quality) is the ability of a product to carry out its functions including, durability, reliability, ease of operation and improve accuracy, as well as other valuable attributes. To improve product quality the company can implement the "Total Quality Management (TQM)" program. In addition to reducing product damage, the main objective is to improve the quality of total customer value.
This definition emphasizes customer focus. None of the definitions of quality experts is perfect. But from the definitions there are some similarities, namely the existence of the following elements
Product Elements
Quality is intended to meet or exceed customer expectations.
Quality includes products, services, human processes and the environment.
Quality is a dynamic condition, which is always changing (moving target).
Product Quality According to Experts
Goetsch and Davis (1994), Defining quality that is broader in scope, that is quality is a dynamic condition associated with products, services, people, processes and the environment that meets or exceeds expectations. Service quality is one of the important things that must be considered by company managers.
(Lovelock, 1988), Defining In an effort to improve the quality of the company must pay attention and increase the commitment and awareness and ability of employees and staff, especially for those who deal directly with customers. Although quality systems and techniques are correct, good and true quality should not be realized.
Definition of Decision Making and Its Purpose
Understanding Decision Making - Kinds, Objectives, Functions, Techniques, Stages, Elements, Factors, Methods, Experts: Decisions are the result of resolving the problems it faces explicitly.
Definition of Decision Making
Decision making can be considered as an outcome or an output from a mental or cognitive process that leads to the selection of a course of action among the available alternatives.
Definition of Quality - Services and Elements According to Experts
Definition of Quality - Services and Elements According to Experts
Quality Is: Understanding According to Experts and Its Elements - In everyday life we often hear people talk about quality issues, for example about the quality of most foreign-made products that are better than domestic-made products.
What exactly is quality? this question has many answers, because the meaning will be different for each person and depends on the context. Quality itself has many criteria that change continuously. Different people will judge with different criteria.
People will find it difficult to define quality quickly. Nevertheless the quality can be specified. For example, Chandra had just watched a film in the Empire 21 cinema. He would easily mention what aspects he valued in determining the quality of the cinema services he had just visited.
For example these aspects consist of:
Timeliness of delivery
Scope or layout
Comfortable / soft seat
Price
Choice of films shown
Sound system
The example above illustrates one aspect of quality, namely the aspect of results. The question "does the product or service meet or even exceed customer expectations?" Is an important aspect of quality. The concept of quality itself is often regarded as a relative measure of the merit of a product or service consisting of design quality and conformity quality.
Design quality is a function of product specifications, while conformance quality is a measure of how far a product meets the requirements or quality specifications that have been set.
Definition of Quality According to Experts
According to ISO-8402 (Loh, 2001: 35), Quality is the totality of facilities and characteristics of products or services that meet the needs, express or implied.
Tjiptono (2004: 11), Defines quality as suitability for use (fitness for use). Another definition that emphasizes the orientation of meeting customer expectations.
Kadir (2001: 19), states that quality is an elusive goal (an elusive goal), because the expectations of consumers will always change. Every new standard is found, then consumers will demand more to get another new standard that is newer and better. In this view, quality is a process and not an end result (improving the quality of continuity).
Crosby (1979), defines quality as conformity to requirements. He approaches the transformation of quality culture.
Kotler (1997), defines quality as the overall characteristics and characteristics of products or services that support the ability to satisfy needs.
Taguchi (1987), quality is a loss to society, which means that if there is a deviation from the target, this is a function of reduced quality. On the other hand, the reduced quality will incur costs. Quality Management
Discuss in the context of organizational quality management, quality management can be said to be a series of activities such as quality planning, organizing quality, coordinating quality, controlling and evaluating quality carried out by each management function in the organization to improve performance in terms of quality of work and employment.
Improving performance here is not just in one particular activity or parts of it, but at every level of operations or processes and in every functional area of work of the organization.
Quality Is: Understanding According to Experts and Its Elements - In everyday life we often hear people talk about quality issues, for example about the quality of most foreign-made products that are better than domestic-made products.
What exactly is quality? this question has many answers, because the meaning will be different for each person and depends on the context. Quality itself has many criteria that change continuously. Different people will judge with different criteria.
People will find it difficult to define quality quickly. Nevertheless the quality can be specified. For example, Chandra had just watched a film in the Empire 21 cinema. He would easily mention what aspects he valued in determining the quality of the cinema services he had just visited.
For example these aspects consist of:
Timeliness of delivery
Scope or layout
Comfortable / soft seat
Price
Choice of films shown
Sound system
The example above illustrates one aspect of quality, namely the aspect of results. The question "does the product or service meet or even exceed customer expectations?" Is an important aspect of quality. The concept of quality itself is often regarded as a relative measure of the merit of a product or service consisting of design quality and conformity quality.
Design quality is a function of product specifications, while conformance quality is a measure of how far a product meets the requirements or quality specifications that have been set.
Definition of Quality According to Experts
According to ISO-8402 (Loh, 2001: 35), Quality is the totality of facilities and characteristics of products or services that meet the needs, express or implied.
Tjiptono (2004: 11), Defines quality as suitability for use (fitness for use). Another definition that emphasizes the orientation of meeting customer expectations.
Kadir (2001: 19), states that quality is an elusive goal (an elusive goal), because the expectations of consumers will always change. Every new standard is found, then consumers will demand more to get another new standard that is newer and better. In this view, quality is a process and not an end result (improving the quality of continuity).
Crosby (1979), defines quality as conformity to requirements. He approaches the transformation of quality culture.
Kotler (1997), defines quality as the overall characteristics and characteristics of products or services that support the ability to satisfy needs.
Taguchi (1987), quality is a loss to society, which means that if there is a deviation from the target, this is a function of reduced quality. On the other hand, the reduced quality will incur costs. Quality Management
Discuss in the context of organizational quality management, quality management can be said to be a series of activities such as quality planning, organizing quality, coordinating quality, controlling and evaluating quality carried out by each management function in the organization to improve performance in terms of quality of work and employment.
Improving performance here is not just in one particular activity or parts of it, but at every level of operations or processes and in every functional area of work of the organization.
Types of Ecological Pyramid
Types of Ecological Pyramid Types
Ecological Pyramid
Ecological pyramid is a pyramid diagram that can illustrate the relationship between trophic level with trophic level, quantitatively in an ecosystem. In this pyramid, organisms that occupy the lower trophic level are relatively numerous in number. The higher the trophic level, the smaller the number of individuals. The trophic level consists of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers.
Producers always occupy the first or lowest trophic level. Whereas herbivores or primary consumers occupy the second trophic level, secondary consumers occupy the third trophic level, tertiary consumers occupy the fourth trophic level or the top of the pyramid.
Mustard leaves are also eaten by rats, rats are eaten by eagles. As a result, in an ecosystem there is not only one food chain but many forms of the food chain. Food chains which are interconnected from one another are called food webs.
Types of Ecological Pyramid Types
Energy Pyramid
Energy pyramid is a pyramid that describes the loss of energy at the time of food energy transfer at each trophic level in an ecosystem. In the energy pyramid it is not only the total amount of energy that the organism uses at each trophic level of the food chain but also concerns the role of various organisms in energy transfer. In energy use, the higher the trophic level, the more efficient the use. However, the heat released in the energy transfer process becomes greater. The loss of heat in the process of respiration is also increasing from organisms with lower trophic levels to organisms with higher trophic levels.
As for productivity, getting to the top of the trophic level is getting smaller, so that the stored energy is getting less. Energy in the energy pyramid is expressed in calories per unit area per unit time.
Biomass Pyramid
The biomass pyramid is a pyramid that illustrates the reduction in energy transfer at each trophic level in an ecosystem. In the biomass pyramid each trophic level shows the dry weight of all organisms at the trophic level expressed in grams / m2. Generally the shape of the biomass pyramid will shrink towards the peak, because the energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient. But the biomass pyramid can be inverted.
For example in the open ocean the producers are microscopic phytoplankton, while consumers are microscopic creatures to large creatures such as blue whales where the biomass of blue whales exceeds the producers. The peak of the biomass pyramid has the lowest biomass which means that the number of individuals is small, and generally the carnivorous individual at the top of the pyramid is large.
Pyramid of Amount
Namely a pyramid that describes the number of individuals at each trophic level in an ecosystem. Number pyramid generally shaped upward.
The number of pyramid organisms from the lowest trophic level to the peak is the same as other pyramids, namely producers, primary consumers and secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers. This means that the number of plants in the first trophic level is more than animals (primary consumers) in the second trophic level, the number of secondary consumer organisms is less than the primary consumer, and the number of tertiary consumer organisms is less than secondary consumer organisms.
Anatomy of the human body is the study of the structure of the human body. In scientific language, this science is also called anthropotomy. Anatomy of the human body is composed of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Organ systems consist of various types of organs that have special structures and functions. These organs have their respective functions but are interdependent with each other both directly and indirectly. The following is the organ system that makes up the human body.
The digestive system is a collection of several organs that work to receive food, process food into energy, absorb nutrients from food into the bloodstream, and dispose of leftover food that cannot be digested by the body.
The digestive system consists of the oral cavity, pharynx (throat), larynx (esophagus), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
In addition to the main organs above, in the digestive system there are also complementary organs in the human body that work to help digest food. These organs are teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Ecological Pyramid
Ecological pyramid is a pyramid diagram that can illustrate the relationship between trophic level with trophic level, quantitatively in an ecosystem. In this pyramid, organisms that occupy the lower trophic level are relatively numerous in number. The higher the trophic level, the smaller the number of individuals. The trophic level consists of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers.
Producers always occupy the first or lowest trophic level. Whereas herbivores or primary consumers occupy the second trophic level, secondary consumers occupy the third trophic level, tertiary consumers occupy the fourth trophic level or the top of the pyramid.
Mustard leaves are also eaten by rats, rats are eaten by eagles. As a result, in an ecosystem there is not only one food chain but many forms of the food chain. Food chains which are interconnected from one another are called food webs.
Types of Ecological Pyramid Types
Energy Pyramid
Energy pyramid is a pyramid that describes the loss of energy at the time of food energy transfer at each trophic level in an ecosystem. In the energy pyramid it is not only the total amount of energy that the organism uses at each trophic level of the food chain but also concerns the role of various organisms in energy transfer. In energy use, the higher the trophic level, the more efficient the use. However, the heat released in the energy transfer process becomes greater. The loss of heat in the process of respiration is also increasing from organisms with lower trophic levels to organisms with higher trophic levels.
As for productivity, getting to the top of the trophic level is getting smaller, so that the stored energy is getting less. Energy in the energy pyramid is expressed in calories per unit area per unit time.
Biomass Pyramid
The biomass pyramid is a pyramid that illustrates the reduction in energy transfer at each trophic level in an ecosystem. In the biomass pyramid each trophic level shows the dry weight of all organisms at the trophic level expressed in grams / m2. Generally the shape of the biomass pyramid will shrink towards the peak, because the energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient. But the biomass pyramid can be inverted.
For example in the open ocean the producers are microscopic phytoplankton, while consumers are microscopic creatures to large creatures such as blue whales where the biomass of blue whales exceeds the producers. The peak of the biomass pyramid has the lowest biomass which means that the number of individuals is small, and generally the carnivorous individual at the top of the pyramid is large.
Pyramid of Amount
Namely a pyramid that describes the number of individuals at each trophic level in an ecosystem. Number pyramid generally shaped upward.
The number of pyramid organisms from the lowest trophic level to the peak is the same as other pyramids, namely producers, primary consumers and secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers. This means that the number of plants in the first trophic level is more than animals (primary consumers) in the second trophic level, the number of secondary consumer organisms is less than the primary consumer, and the number of tertiary consumer organisms is less than secondary consumer organisms.
Anatomy of the human body is the study of the structure of the human body. In scientific language, this science is also called anthropotomy. Anatomy of the human body is composed of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Organ systems consist of various types of organs that have special structures and functions. These organs have their respective functions but are interdependent with each other both directly and indirectly. The following is the organ system that makes up the human body.
The digestive system is a collection of several organs that work to receive food, process food into energy, absorb nutrients from food into the bloodstream, and dispose of leftover food that cannot be digested by the body.
The digestive system consists of the oral cavity, pharynx (throat), larynx (esophagus), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
In addition to the main organs above, in the digestive system there are also complementary organs in the human body that work to help digest food. These organs are teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Detritus Food Chain
Detritus Food Chain
This food chain does not start from a plant, but starts from a detritivor. Detritivor is a heterotrophic organism that gets energy by eating the remains of living things.
Examples of detritus food chain cycles are: leaf flakes (garbage) ==> earthworms ==> chicken ==> humans.
Detritus is a fragment (broken) of organisms (animals and plants) that die and the remains of organisms such as animal waste, leaves, deciduous branches which are decomposed by decomposers (decomposers). Then which includes detritus-eating organisms are called detritivors, for example worms, termites, worms and so on.
Food webs
In an ecosystem generally not only consists of one food chain, but many food chains. Green plants are not only eaten by one organism, but can be eaten by a variety of primary consumers. For example: shoe flowers are eaten by caterpillars, caterpillars also eat mustard leaves. Mustard leaves are also eaten by grasshoppers, grasshoppers eaten by frogs and sparrows, sparrows also eat caterpillars, sparrows are eaten by eagles.
Food-chain-grazing
Other Examples: In the picture above, it is known that grass that is autotrophic acts as a producer, then eaten by grasshoppers, then grasshoppers are eaten by lizards and finally lizards are eaten by eagles.
In figure (c), grass as producers is eaten by grasshoppers as the first consumer, grasshoppers are eaten by frogs as second consumers, frogs are eaten by snakes as third consumers, and snakes are eaten by eagles as fourth consumers. Furthermore, if the eagle dies, the carcass will be eaten by other organisms and broken down by decomposing bacteria.
Food-detritus chain
The flow of the detritus food chain can be seen in the following figure: Figure 2. Example of the detritus food chain.
In the picture above, it is known that detritus can be in the form of destruction of animal or plant tissue. In figure (a), detritus in the form of the rest of animal tissue is eaten by caterpillars and then rats, snakes and birds. But in the end, all these organisms can become detritus as well. Whereas in picture (b), detritus in the form of broken down plants is eaten by woodlice which is then eaten by birds.
Parasite food chain
Parasites are a term for organisms that live by harming other organisms (host). Characteristic of this type of food chain is that there are small organisms that prey on large organisms.
Consider the following parasitic food chain example. buffalo (blood) -> fleas ==> starlings ==> eagle
Saprofit food chain
The characteristics of the saprophytic chain begin with the decomposition of the dead bodies of living things by saprophytic organisms. Examples of saprophytic organisms are bacteria, fungi, and lichens. Saprofit is a term for organisms that are able to break down the remains of organisms that have died.
Saprophyte organisms are different from detritifors. Saprofit decomposes organic matter left over dead bodies into inorganic materials (minerals) that are absorbed again by plants. Pay attention to the following sample food chain saprofit. Weathered wood -> fungus -> chicken -> fox
This food chain does not start from a plant, but starts from a detritivor. Detritivor is a heterotrophic organism that gets energy by eating the remains of living things.
Examples of detritus food chain cycles are: leaf flakes (garbage) ==> earthworms ==> chicken ==> humans.
Detritus is a fragment (broken) of organisms (animals and plants) that die and the remains of organisms such as animal waste, leaves, deciduous branches which are decomposed by decomposers (decomposers). Then which includes detritus-eating organisms are called detritivors, for example worms, termites, worms and so on.
Food webs
In an ecosystem generally not only consists of one food chain, but many food chains. Green plants are not only eaten by one organism, but can be eaten by a variety of primary consumers. For example: shoe flowers are eaten by caterpillars, caterpillars also eat mustard leaves. Mustard leaves are also eaten by grasshoppers, grasshoppers eaten by frogs and sparrows, sparrows also eat caterpillars, sparrows are eaten by eagles.
Food-chain-grazing
Other Examples: In the picture above, it is known that grass that is autotrophic acts as a producer, then eaten by grasshoppers, then grasshoppers are eaten by lizards and finally lizards are eaten by eagles.
In figure (c), grass as producers is eaten by grasshoppers as the first consumer, grasshoppers are eaten by frogs as second consumers, frogs are eaten by snakes as third consumers, and snakes are eaten by eagles as fourth consumers. Furthermore, if the eagle dies, the carcass will be eaten by other organisms and broken down by decomposing bacteria.
Food-detritus chain
The flow of the detritus food chain can be seen in the following figure: Figure 2. Example of the detritus food chain.
In the picture above, it is known that detritus can be in the form of destruction of animal or plant tissue. In figure (a), detritus in the form of the rest of animal tissue is eaten by caterpillars and then rats, snakes and birds. But in the end, all these organisms can become detritus as well. Whereas in picture (b), detritus in the form of broken down plants is eaten by woodlice which is then eaten by birds.
Parasite food chain
Parasites are a term for organisms that live by harming other organisms (host). Characteristic of this type of food chain is that there are small organisms that prey on large organisms.
Consider the following parasitic food chain example. buffalo (blood) -> fleas ==> starlings ==> eagle
Saprofit food chain
The characteristics of the saprophytic chain begin with the decomposition of the dead bodies of living things by saprophytic organisms. Examples of saprophytic organisms are bacteria, fungi, and lichens. Saprofit is a term for organisms that are able to break down the remains of organisms that have died.
Saprophyte organisms are different from detritifors. Saprofit decomposes organic matter left over dead bodies into inorganic materials (minerals) that are absorbed again by plants. Pay attention to the following sample food chain saprofit. Weathered wood -> fungus -> chicken -> fox
Understanding Food Chain
Understanding Food Chain
Food chain
The food chain is the process of eating and being eaten - in a series of organisms - in a specific order. Every living thing needs energy to live. living things get energy from a food they eat, and all living things get energy from food. On occasion I will review the food chain in full. Therefore, let us consider the review below.
Understanding Food Chain
The food chain is an eating and eating event between fellow living beings in certain sequences. In a food chain there are living things that have a role as producers, consumers, and as decomposers (decomposers). In the event of the food chain there is a process of eating and being eaten in a certain order. And each level of the food chain in an ecosystem is also called the trophic level.
At the first trophic level that is an organism that can produce or make its own food substance that is green plants can also be called a producer. Then the organism that ranks second in the tropics level is primary consumers (first-level consumers), these consumers are generally occupied by herbivorous animals (plant eaters).
Furthermore, organisms that occupy the order of the third tropical level are also called secondary consumers (Second-level Consumers), generally occupied by carnivorous animals (meat-eating animals) and so on. And organisms that occupy the highest or the last tropical level are also called peak consumers, usually occupied by omnivorous animals.
Food chain in the fields
One form of mutual relations between living things is the "Food Chain". The food chain is the process of eating and being eaten - in a series of organisms - in a specific order. Each group of organisms is involved in the process of eating or being eaten.
This process occurs in a chain. Some groups of organisms prey on other groups of organisms. And these predatory organisms also fall prey to other groups of organisms. Consider the following food chain example.
Plants as autotrophic organisms produce food in the form of flower nectar. Butterflies as plant eaters consume honey flowers. Frogs catch butterflies to eat. Snakes hunt frogs to eat and eagles eat snakes.
The food chain picture above is one example of a food chain that occurs in a rice field community. You can look for examples of food chains in other ecosystems.
The food chain becomes an entry point for the flow of energy for living things. The energy comes from the sun which is converted by autotrophic organisms (food makers) such as plants into chemical energy (in stems, fruits, leaves, etc.). Meanwhile heterotrophic organisms (unable to make their own food) obtain energy by eating autotrophic organisms.
Types of Food Chains
based on the starting organism, the food chain turns out to be divided into several types. Grass chain, detritus chain, parasitic chain, and saprofit chain. Following are the differences of each type.
Grazing food chain
This food chain is the most frequently encountered and recognized. This food chain starts from plants as producers at the first trophic level. An example of this one food chain cycle is: grass ==> grasshopper ==> bird ==> snake.
Food chain
The food chain is the process of eating and being eaten - in a series of organisms - in a specific order. Every living thing needs energy to live. living things get energy from a food they eat, and all living things get energy from food. On occasion I will review the food chain in full. Therefore, let us consider the review below.
Understanding Food Chain
The food chain is an eating and eating event between fellow living beings in certain sequences. In a food chain there are living things that have a role as producers, consumers, and as decomposers (decomposers). In the event of the food chain there is a process of eating and being eaten in a certain order. And each level of the food chain in an ecosystem is also called the trophic level.
At the first trophic level that is an organism that can produce or make its own food substance that is green plants can also be called a producer. Then the organism that ranks second in the tropics level is primary consumers (first-level consumers), these consumers are generally occupied by herbivorous animals (plant eaters).
Furthermore, organisms that occupy the order of the third tropical level are also called secondary consumers (Second-level Consumers), generally occupied by carnivorous animals (meat-eating animals) and so on. And organisms that occupy the highest or the last tropical level are also called peak consumers, usually occupied by omnivorous animals.
Food chain in the fields
One form of mutual relations between living things is the "Food Chain". The food chain is the process of eating and being eaten - in a series of organisms - in a specific order. Each group of organisms is involved in the process of eating or being eaten.
This process occurs in a chain. Some groups of organisms prey on other groups of organisms. And these predatory organisms also fall prey to other groups of organisms. Consider the following food chain example.
Plants as autotrophic organisms produce food in the form of flower nectar. Butterflies as plant eaters consume honey flowers. Frogs catch butterflies to eat. Snakes hunt frogs to eat and eagles eat snakes.
The food chain picture above is one example of a food chain that occurs in a rice field community. You can look for examples of food chains in other ecosystems.
The food chain becomes an entry point for the flow of energy for living things. The energy comes from the sun which is converted by autotrophic organisms (food makers) such as plants into chemical energy (in stems, fruits, leaves, etc.). Meanwhile heterotrophic organisms (unable to make their own food) obtain energy by eating autotrophic organisms.
Types of Food Chains
based on the starting organism, the food chain turns out to be divided into several types. Grass chain, detritus chain, parasitic chain, and saprofit chain. Following are the differences of each type.
Grazing food chain
This food chain is the most frequently encountered and recognized. This food chain starts from plants as producers at the first trophic level. An example of this one food chain cycle is: grass ==> grasshopper ==> bird ==> snake.
Viruses That In The Form Are RNA
Viruses That In The Form Are RNA
Viruses that are essentially RNA, in the host cell will undergo replication to form new RNA-RNA. RNA also undergoes translation to form proteins for viral envelope. In the host cell, RNA and viral proteins construct themselves into new viruses.
mRNA also translates to form destructive enzymes that destroy cell membranes. Thus the host cell lysis (destroyed) and viruses - the virus comes out and is ready to infect new inning cells.
RETROVIRUS (Virus with RNA Core That Can Become a Mold to Form DNA Copies)
Unlike the two types of viruses above the retrovirus into cells with endocytosis, endocytosis is the entry of molecules into the cell by: the cell forms a bulge then the molecules in the swallow enter the cell. So by means of endocytosis, both the nucleus and capsid retroviruses enter the host cell.
In the host cell, RNA, retroviruses can make DNA copies (cDNA). This can happen because retroviruses have a reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is an enzyme that can make DNA copies of RNA. This ability is not possessed by organisms, and is only possessed by viruses.
This copy DNA is then integrated into the host DNA (in general animal cells) DNA then undergoes transcription to form RNA, both RNA which will become the core RNA of the virus, and mRNA that carries codons which will be translated into proteins and reverse transcriptase enzymes.
Furthermore the viral core RNAs, reverse transcriptase enzymes, and viral proteins self-construct to form new viruses. Retroviruses do not produce destructive enzymes, so new viruses are formed in the host cell out of the cell without destroying the cell membrane, ie with exocytosis, exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis
Examples of retroviruses are HIV,
the virus that causes AIDS. HIV has an RNA nucleus, and in human cells the reverse transcriptase enzyme will make DNA copies of the HIV RNA.
As already mentioned that the way of reproduction of viruses varies. The following are 2 examples of virus reproduction. Namely reproduction in bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) and animal viruses.
Bacteriofage reproduction
Bacteriophage reproduction can occur through two cycles. Namely the lytic and lysogenic cycles, in the lytic cycle the attachment, penetration, replication and synthesis stages and maturation take place quickly. Virus particles can be infected cells by breaking the cells so that the host cell dies (lysis).
In the lysogenic cycle, DNA / RNA of the virus is inserted into the host cell's romosome. Chromosomes that are inserted DNA / RNA viruses will make a replication, this happens continuously during cell division so that the genetic material of the virus will be passed on to the cells of the host cells, so in the lysogenic cycle, the virus infection enters latency, meaning that the host cell does not break (dead).
Animal Virus Reproduction
One type of animal virus is a virus that has a virus cover, at the attachment stage, the virus cover is attached and fuses (joins) with the host cell membrane.
At the stage of penetration of viral DNA and capsid separately, then at the stage of replication and synthesis DNA replication occurs Virus, capsid and virus cover. At the stage of maturation new virus particles are formed, at this stage also the virus cover is formed on new virus particles. At the release stage, new viruses come out of the host cell and are ready to infect other cells.
Viruses that are essentially RNA, in the host cell will undergo replication to form new RNA-RNA. RNA also undergoes translation to form proteins for viral envelope. In the host cell, RNA and viral proteins construct themselves into new viruses.
mRNA also translates to form destructive enzymes that destroy cell membranes. Thus the host cell lysis (destroyed) and viruses - the virus comes out and is ready to infect new inning cells.
RETROVIRUS (Virus with RNA Core That Can Become a Mold to Form DNA Copies)
Unlike the two types of viruses above the retrovirus into cells with endocytosis, endocytosis is the entry of molecules into the cell by: the cell forms a bulge then the molecules in the swallow enter the cell. So by means of endocytosis, both the nucleus and capsid retroviruses enter the host cell.
In the host cell, RNA, retroviruses can make DNA copies (cDNA). This can happen because retroviruses have a reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is an enzyme that can make DNA copies of RNA. This ability is not possessed by organisms, and is only possessed by viruses.
This copy DNA is then integrated into the host DNA (in general animal cells) DNA then undergoes transcription to form RNA, both RNA which will become the core RNA of the virus, and mRNA that carries codons which will be translated into proteins and reverse transcriptase enzymes.
Furthermore the viral core RNAs, reverse transcriptase enzymes, and viral proteins self-construct to form new viruses. Retroviruses do not produce destructive enzymes, so new viruses are formed in the host cell out of the cell without destroying the cell membrane, ie with exocytosis, exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis
Examples of retroviruses are HIV,
the virus that causes AIDS. HIV has an RNA nucleus, and in human cells the reverse transcriptase enzyme will make DNA copies of the HIV RNA.
As already mentioned that the way of reproduction of viruses varies. The following are 2 examples of virus reproduction. Namely reproduction in bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) and animal viruses.
Bacteriofage reproduction
Bacteriophage reproduction can occur through two cycles. Namely the lytic and lysogenic cycles, in the lytic cycle the attachment, penetration, replication and synthesis stages and maturation take place quickly. Virus particles can be infected cells by breaking the cells so that the host cell dies (lysis).
In the lysogenic cycle, DNA / RNA of the virus is inserted into the host cell's romosome. Chromosomes that are inserted DNA / RNA viruses will make a replication, this happens continuously during cell division so that the genetic material of the virus will be passed on to the cells of the host cells, so in the lysogenic cycle, the virus infection enters latency, meaning that the host cell does not break (dead).
Animal Virus Reproduction
One type of animal virus is a virus that has a virus cover, at the attachment stage, the virus cover is attached and fuses (joins) with the host cell membrane.
At the stage of penetration of viral DNA and capsid separately, then at the stage of replication and synthesis DNA replication occurs Virus, capsid and virus cover. At the stage of maturation new virus particles are formed, at this stage also the virus cover is formed on new virus particles. At the release stage, new viruses come out of the host cell and are ready to infect other cells.
Virus Reproduction - Definition and Method
Virus Reproduction - Definition and Method
Virus Reproduction - Definition, Method, Strategy, Bacteriophage, Animal Virus, For example: In a virus, it develops well with two reproductive processes, namely lytic cycle reproduction and reproduction of the lysogenic cycle, which in general virus reproduction consists of five stages.
Viruses multiply by self-replication in host cells. Energy and materials for the synthesis of viral proteins are derived from host cells. This virus carries nucleic acids which carry genetic information by making all the virus-forming macromolecules in the host cell so that the newly formed virus has the same properties as the parent virus.
Virus Reproduction
Definition of Virus Reproduction
Viruses show one characteristic of life, namely reproduction, but reproduction of the virus only occurs if it is in the cells of other organisms, thus the virus can only live parasitically, virus reproduction occurs in a variety of ways.
Nevertheless all ways of reproduction of the virus through 5 stages, namely the phase of adhesion (adsorbs), penetration (injection), replication and synthesis (merging), maturation (assembly) and release (lysis).
How to Reproduce Viruses
Based on the stages, the life cycle of the virus can be divided into lytic cycles and lysogenic cycles. The following will describe both types of the life cycle of the virus, especially bacterial or phage infecting viruses.
Cleavage phase
In this connected state, the DNA Virus is inactive, known as Profag. Because the DNA of the virus becomes one with the bacterial DNA, so if the bacterial DNA replicates, the profile also replicates. For example, if bacteria will divide,
Bacterial DNA will copy itself through the replication process. Thus profag also copied, formed two bacterial cells as a result of division and in each bacterial daughter cell contained an identical profag.
And so on until the process of bacterial division takes place repeatedly so that each bacterial cell that is formed in it is contained profag, thus the number of profags follows the number of bacterial cells that it is traveling on.
Synthesis Phase
For one reason or another, for example due to radiation or the influence of certain chemicals, the profile is suddenly active, the profile separates from the bacterial DNA, then destroys the bacterial DNA, then the DNA of the virus enters into a synthesis that is synthesizing protein to be used as a capsid for viruses - viruses new and also replicates DNA so that DNA viruses become numerous.
Assembly phase.
The capsid - the capsid is assembled into an intact viral capsid that functions as a viral envelope. The virus capsid formed reaches 100 - 200 new capsid, then the replication DNA results enter into it to form new viruses.
Lytic phase
After new viruses are formed, bacterial cell lysis occurs (the same description as lytic). Formed viruses scatter out bacterial cells to attack new bacteria, in the next cycle the virus can undergo lytic or lysogenic cycles, and so on.
Virus Strategies for Creating New Viruses
Viruses can force host cells to produce new viruses, based on the type of nucleic acid, there are 3 forms of virus strategy in 'forcing' host cells to form new viruses.
Viruses that have Nucleic Acid in the form of DNA
The virus infects the host cell, DNA undergoes replication (multiplication) into some DNA. DNA also undergoes transcription to form mRNA (RNA-Ambassador). Ambassador RNA (mRNA) will undergo translation to produce viral envelope proteins.
still in the host cell, DNA and viral proteins construct themselves into new viruses. mRNA also neutralizes forming enzymes that eventually destroy cell membranes. Thus the host cell lysis (destroyed) and viruses - viruses come out and are ready to infect new host cells, viruses that are essentially DNA such as herpes viruses, bacteriophages, smallpox viruses.
Virus Reproduction - Definition, Method, Strategy, Bacteriophage, Animal Virus, For example: In a virus, it develops well with two reproductive processes, namely lytic cycle reproduction and reproduction of the lysogenic cycle, which in general virus reproduction consists of five stages.
Viruses multiply by self-replication in host cells. Energy and materials for the synthesis of viral proteins are derived from host cells. This virus carries nucleic acids which carry genetic information by making all the virus-forming macromolecules in the host cell so that the newly formed virus has the same properties as the parent virus.
Virus Reproduction
Definition of Virus Reproduction
Viruses show one characteristic of life, namely reproduction, but reproduction of the virus only occurs if it is in the cells of other organisms, thus the virus can only live parasitically, virus reproduction occurs in a variety of ways.
Nevertheless all ways of reproduction of the virus through 5 stages, namely the phase of adhesion (adsorbs), penetration (injection), replication and synthesis (merging), maturation (assembly) and release (lysis).
How to Reproduce Viruses
Based on the stages, the life cycle of the virus can be divided into lytic cycles and lysogenic cycles. The following will describe both types of the life cycle of the virus, especially bacterial or phage infecting viruses.
Cleavage phase
In this connected state, the DNA Virus is inactive, known as Profag. Because the DNA of the virus becomes one with the bacterial DNA, so if the bacterial DNA replicates, the profile also replicates. For example, if bacteria will divide,
Bacterial DNA will copy itself through the replication process. Thus profag also copied, formed two bacterial cells as a result of division and in each bacterial daughter cell contained an identical profag.
And so on until the process of bacterial division takes place repeatedly so that each bacterial cell that is formed in it is contained profag, thus the number of profags follows the number of bacterial cells that it is traveling on.
Synthesis Phase
For one reason or another, for example due to radiation or the influence of certain chemicals, the profile is suddenly active, the profile separates from the bacterial DNA, then destroys the bacterial DNA, then the DNA of the virus enters into a synthesis that is synthesizing protein to be used as a capsid for viruses - viruses new and also replicates DNA so that DNA viruses become numerous.
Assembly phase.
The capsid - the capsid is assembled into an intact viral capsid that functions as a viral envelope. The virus capsid formed reaches 100 - 200 new capsid, then the replication DNA results enter into it to form new viruses.
Lytic phase
After new viruses are formed, bacterial cell lysis occurs (the same description as lytic). Formed viruses scatter out bacterial cells to attack new bacteria, in the next cycle the virus can undergo lytic or lysogenic cycles, and so on.
Virus Strategies for Creating New Viruses
Viruses can force host cells to produce new viruses, based on the type of nucleic acid, there are 3 forms of virus strategy in 'forcing' host cells to form new viruses.
Viruses that have Nucleic Acid in the form of DNA
The virus infects the host cell, DNA undergoes replication (multiplication) into some DNA. DNA also undergoes transcription to form mRNA (RNA-Ambassador). Ambassador RNA (mRNA) will undergo translation to produce viral envelope proteins.
still in the host cell, DNA and viral proteins construct themselves into new viruses. mRNA also neutralizes forming enzymes that eventually destroy cell membranes. Thus the host cell lysis (destroyed) and viruses - viruses come out and are ready to infect new host cells, viruses that are essentially DNA such as herpes viruses, bacteriophages, smallpox viruses.
Assignment of Personnel Section
Assignment of Personnel Section
The main task of personnel is to provide labor in the quality and quantity needed by each section in a company. This means that the personnel section provides services to other parts so that it can be easier to be able to carry out their duties.
(Manullang, 2001) The personnel department must carry out its duties properly is as a servant to other parts in a company, then the personnel management duties include:
Make the necessary labor budget;
Make a job analysis, job description, and job specifications;
Determine and provide labor resources;
Manage and develop the education process and educators;
Managing labor selection
Taking care of dismissal problems (retirement);
Taking care of welfare matters
Personnel Development
As a growing organization, educational institutions always need an inward attention to themselves that is focused on efforts to maintain survival, improvement and renewal agents.
One of the activities to achieve this is by developing educational personnel. This is to prevent the use of obsolete knowledge and the implementation of outdated tasks.
The objectives of training and personnel education include the following.
To improve the quality and quantity of output
Realizing personnel planning
Improve work morale
Increase income / welfare
Improve health and safety
Prevents aging
To develop personnel.
The development of the Pancasila personality is a basic level of development because it underlies all the developments above it.
Personnel Relationship
Organizational relations related to organizational climate. Organizational climate is certain organizational characteristics that distinguish it from other organizations that can influence the behavior of its members.
Organizational climate is an extension of the concept of work morale, if the work morale only concerns the attitudes of individuals or groups at work, the climate includes practices, traditions and habits of work within the organization.
Williams believes the organizational climate needs to be considered because it concerns productivity and humanity. It is easy to understand that educational productivity is determined by the practice and traditions / habits of personal work.
If the personnel have the habit of working effectively and efficiently, they will be able to increase productivity, otherwise if they have a habit of working casually and inaccurately will harm the organization. Paying attention and fostering organizational climate means at the same time upholding the dignity of personnel as human beings.
Because improving the organizational climate will develop social attitudes, tolerance, respect for the opinions of others, work together to solve problems and so on. All of these behaviors are a mirror of how to work well, if maintained then it will become a habit of working. Then a good organizational climate is created.
Prosperity in Personnel Management
Compensation is a remuneration provided by the education and school services to education staff that can be valued in money and has a tendency to be given on a regular basis. In developing countries, including Indonesia, the welfare of educational personnel needs to be considered. Because their salaries in general are only enough to live a simple life.
Although this simple life is a motto echoed by the government, but if the life of education personnel can be increased again, their enthusiasm for work will increase. Personnel income is one important factor. Income is one of the determinants of productivity among teachers.
The main task of personnel is to provide labor in the quality and quantity needed by each section in a company. This means that the personnel section provides services to other parts so that it can be easier to be able to carry out their duties.
(Manullang, 2001) The personnel department must carry out its duties properly is as a servant to other parts in a company, then the personnel management duties include:
Make the necessary labor budget;
Make a job analysis, job description, and job specifications;
Determine and provide labor resources;
Manage and develop the education process and educators;
Managing labor selection
Taking care of dismissal problems (retirement);
Taking care of welfare matters
Personnel Development
As a growing organization, educational institutions always need an inward attention to themselves that is focused on efforts to maintain survival, improvement and renewal agents.
One of the activities to achieve this is by developing educational personnel. This is to prevent the use of obsolete knowledge and the implementation of outdated tasks.
The objectives of training and personnel education include the following.
To improve the quality and quantity of output
Realizing personnel planning
Improve work morale
Increase income / welfare
Improve health and safety
Prevents aging
To develop personnel.
The development of the Pancasila personality is a basic level of development because it underlies all the developments above it.
Personnel Relationship
Organizational relations related to organizational climate. Organizational climate is certain organizational characteristics that distinguish it from other organizations that can influence the behavior of its members.
Organizational climate is an extension of the concept of work morale, if the work morale only concerns the attitudes of individuals or groups at work, the climate includes practices, traditions and habits of work within the organization.
Williams believes the organizational climate needs to be considered because it concerns productivity and humanity. It is easy to understand that educational productivity is determined by the practice and traditions / habits of personal work.
If the personnel have the habit of working effectively and efficiently, they will be able to increase productivity, otherwise if they have a habit of working casually and inaccurately will harm the organization. Paying attention and fostering organizational climate means at the same time upholding the dignity of personnel as human beings.
Because improving the organizational climate will develop social attitudes, tolerance, respect for the opinions of others, work together to solve problems and so on. All of these behaviors are a mirror of how to work well, if maintained then it will become a habit of working. Then a good organizational climate is created.
Prosperity in Personnel Management
Compensation is a remuneration provided by the education and school services to education staff that can be valued in money and has a tendency to be given on a regular basis. In developing countries, including Indonesia, the welfare of educational personnel needs to be considered. Because their salaries in general are only enough to live a simple life.
Although this simple life is a motto echoed by the government, but if the life of education personnel can be increased again, their enthusiasm for work will increase. Personnel income is one important factor. Income is one of the determinants of productivity among teachers.
Structuring of Personnel in Company Management
Structuring of Personnel in Company Management
Following in order the process of structuring personnel is:
Plan employee needs
Withdrawals, the value of announcing employee needs, selecting (reqruitment)
Placement (placement in accordance with formation)
Using labor includes stimulating workplace passion by creating good working conditions or conditions
Maintaining employee welfare in the form of salaries, incentives, holidays and leave, family gatherings and other forms of welfare
Manage promotions and other salary increases
Improving the quality of employees both through education and other opportunities such as attending education (Incentive Training), upgrading, scientific discussions, workshops, upgrading, magazine and newspaper subscriptions, becoming members of professional associations and so on.
Carry out assessments of employee work performance to obtain data in order to increase employee rank
Arranging termination of employment with employees.
Benefits of Personnel Management
More broadly that good personnel management will produce the following benefits:
Can improve the utilization of human resources.
Can efficiently adjust human resource activities and future needs.
Able to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of HR utilization.
Able to improve efficiency in attracting new employees.
Can complement human resource information that can help human resource activities and other organizational units.
Purpose of Personnel Management
The goals of personnel management relate to the goals of the company in general. That is because the management of the company strives to bring about efficiency in the labor force as profit efficiency and continuity.
(Manullang, 2001: 165) The objectives of personnel management are of 2 (two) types, namely:
Minded Production (efficiency and usability);
People Minded (Cooperation).
Therefore this personnel management involves an effort to be able to create conditions where each employee is encouraged to be able to make the best possible contribution to his superiors, because he cannot expect maximum efficiency without the full cooperation of his members.
Personnel Management Function
The personnel management function consists of:
Planning
The plan means determining a personnel program that will be able to help achieve the company's stated goals. These objectives require active participation from the personnel manager.
Organizing
If the company has determined the functions to be carried out by its members, then the personnel manager must form an organization by designing the arrangement of the various relationships between personnel positions and physical factors. The organization is a tool to achieve a goal.
Briefing
If the manager already has a plan and already has an organization to carry out the plan, the next function is to provide direction to the work. That function means getting the employees to work together effectively.
Supervision
Supervision is observing (observing) and also comparing the implementation with a planned and also correct it if there is a deviation. In other words, supervision is a function that involves a matter of regulating various types of activities or activities in accordance with the personnel plan that has been formulated as a basis for analysis of the objectives of a fundamental organization.
The personnel management function by operationally consists of:
Procurement is to provide a certain number of employees and also the type of expertise needed to be able to achieve a company's goals. These goals concern a matter of meeting the needs of the workforce, the selection process and also the placement of work.
Employee development that has been obtained by way of training with the aim of developing employee skills.
Compensation is a fair and also appropriate award for employees in accordance with the contribution of employee members in achieving a company goal.
Integration is something that involves adjusting the desires of each with the financial interests of the company and the community.
Following in order the process of structuring personnel is:
Plan employee needs
Withdrawals, the value of announcing employee needs, selecting (reqruitment)
Placement (placement in accordance with formation)
Using labor includes stimulating workplace passion by creating good working conditions or conditions
Maintaining employee welfare in the form of salaries, incentives, holidays and leave, family gatherings and other forms of welfare
Manage promotions and other salary increases
Improving the quality of employees both through education and other opportunities such as attending education (Incentive Training), upgrading, scientific discussions, workshops, upgrading, magazine and newspaper subscriptions, becoming members of professional associations and so on.
Carry out assessments of employee work performance to obtain data in order to increase employee rank
Arranging termination of employment with employees.
Benefits of Personnel Management
More broadly that good personnel management will produce the following benefits:
Can improve the utilization of human resources.
Can efficiently adjust human resource activities and future needs.
Able to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of HR utilization.
Able to improve efficiency in attracting new employees.
Can complement human resource information that can help human resource activities and other organizational units.
Purpose of Personnel Management
The goals of personnel management relate to the goals of the company in general. That is because the management of the company strives to bring about efficiency in the labor force as profit efficiency and continuity.
(Manullang, 2001: 165) The objectives of personnel management are of 2 (two) types, namely:
Minded Production (efficiency and usability);
People Minded (Cooperation).
Therefore this personnel management involves an effort to be able to create conditions where each employee is encouraged to be able to make the best possible contribution to his superiors, because he cannot expect maximum efficiency without the full cooperation of his members.
Personnel Management Function
The personnel management function consists of:
Planning
The plan means determining a personnel program that will be able to help achieve the company's stated goals. These objectives require active participation from the personnel manager.
Organizing
If the company has determined the functions to be carried out by its members, then the personnel manager must form an organization by designing the arrangement of the various relationships between personnel positions and physical factors. The organization is a tool to achieve a goal.
Briefing
If the manager already has a plan and already has an organization to carry out the plan, the next function is to provide direction to the work. That function means getting the employees to work together effectively.
Supervision
Supervision is observing (observing) and also comparing the implementation with a planned and also correct it if there is a deviation. In other words, supervision is a function that involves a matter of regulating various types of activities or activities in accordance with the personnel plan that has been formulated as a basis for analysis of the objectives of a fundamental organization.
The personnel management function by operationally consists of:
Procurement is to provide a certain number of employees and also the type of expertise needed to be able to achieve a company's goals. These goals concern a matter of meeting the needs of the workforce, the selection process and also the placement of work.
Employee development that has been obtained by way of training with the aim of developing employee skills.
Compensation is a fair and also appropriate award for employees in accordance with the contribution of employee members in achieving a company goal.
Integration is something that involves adjusting the desires of each with the financial interests of the company and the community.
Educational Management Scope
Educational Management Scope
1. The scope is based on the work area
When reviewed from the working area, the scope of education management can be divided into:
Management of education throughout the country, namely education management at the national level is handled not only by the implementation of educational training in schools, but also education outside schools, conducting training, enrichment research, or education that includes culture and the arts nationally.
Education management in one province is the scope of which covers the work area of one province-only, which implementation is assisted by education management officers in the district and sub-district.
Educational management in one regency or city is the scope of which only covers one regency or one municipality.
Educational management of one work unit is that this management is only focused on one work unit that is directly involved in the work of educating.
Class management is as the smallest unit of activity in education management which is the core of all types of education management.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Comprehensive Understanding of Financial Management According to Experts
2. The scope according to the claim arable
When reviewed based on the arable object, which is as follows:
Student management.
Management of school personnel.
Curriculum Management.
Infrastructure or material management.
School administration or education management.
Budget management.
Management of educational institutions or organizations,
Public relations management or education communication management.
3. Scope According to the function or sequence of activities
Plan.
Organize.
Directing.
Coordinate.
Communicating.
Oversee or evaluate.
Personnel Management - Definition, Arrangement, Benefits, Objectives, Functions, Duties, Development, Experts: Personnel management is the management section that pays attention to people in the organization, which is one of the sub-management systems.
Personnel Management
Definition of Personnel Management
Personnel management is the study of how to provide facilities for development, employment and also the sense of work participation in an activity or activity.
Personnel management is the part of management that pays attention to people in the organization, which is one of the sub-systems of management. Where the word organization is generally used in relation to every group of people, works, thoughts, or facts arranged and arranged so that the combination of the combinations in each case form a meaningful whole.
From the personal management objectives, it explains how to efficiently utilize employees and work together with a quantity that can be accounted for, create, maintain and develop a pleasant work atmosphere between individuals who work together.
Definition of Personnel Management According to Experts
The following is the Definition of Personnel Management According to Experts.
Ranupandojo and Husnan (2002)
Personnel management is a plan, distribution of compensation, interpretation, development, and maintenance of the workforce with a view to being able to help achieve a company, individual and community goals.
Manullang (2001: 156)
states that personnel management is a science that studies how to provide a facility for development, employment and also a sense of work participation in an activity or activity.
Nitisemito (1996: 143)
Personnel management is an art to be able to carry out, among others, planning, organizing, monitoring, so that the effectiveness and efficiency of personnel can be increased as much as possible in achieving goals.
1. The scope is based on the work area
When reviewed from the working area, the scope of education management can be divided into:
Management of education throughout the country, namely education management at the national level is handled not only by the implementation of educational training in schools, but also education outside schools, conducting training, enrichment research, or education that includes culture and the arts nationally.
Education management in one province is the scope of which covers the work area of one province-only, which implementation is assisted by education management officers in the district and sub-district.
Educational management in one regency or city is the scope of which only covers one regency or one municipality.
Educational management of one work unit is that this management is only focused on one work unit that is directly involved in the work of educating.
Class management is as the smallest unit of activity in education management which is the core of all types of education management.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Comprehensive Understanding of Financial Management According to Experts
2. The scope according to the claim arable
When reviewed based on the arable object, which is as follows:
Student management.
Management of school personnel.
Curriculum Management.
Infrastructure or material management.
School administration or education management.
Budget management.
Management of educational institutions or organizations,
Public relations management or education communication management.
3. Scope According to the function or sequence of activities
Plan.
Organize.
Directing.
Coordinate.
Communicating.
Oversee or evaluate.
Personnel Management - Definition, Arrangement, Benefits, Objectives, Functions, Duties, Development, Experts: Personnel management is the management section that pays attention to people in the organization, which is one of the sub-management systems.
Personnel Management
Definition of Personnel Management
Personnel management is the study of how to provide facilities for development, employment and also the sense of work participation in an activity or activity.
Personnel management is the part of management that pays attention to people in the organization, which is one of the sub-systems of management. Where the word organization is generally used in relation to every group of people, works, thoughts, or facts arranged and arranged so that the combination of the combinations in each case form a meaningful whole.
From the personal management objectives, it explains how to efficiently utilize employees and work together with a quantity that can be accounted for, create, maintain and develop a pleasant work atmosphere between individuals who work together.
Definition of Personnel Management According to Experts
The following is the Definition of Personnel Management According to Experts.
Ranupandojo and Husnan (2002)
Personnel management is a plan, distribution of compensation, interpretation, development, and maintenance of the workforce with a view to being able to help achieve a company, individual and community goals.
Manullang (2001: 156)
states that personnel management is a science that studies how to provide a facility for development, employment and also a sense of work participation in an activity or activity.
Nitisemito (1996: 143)
Personnel management is an art to be able to carry out, among others, planning, organizing, monitoring, so that the effectiveness and efficiency of personnel can be increased as much as possible in achieving goals.
Understanding Education Management
Understanding Education Management According to Experts
The Following Is The Definition Of Understanding Educational Management According To Experts.
Leonard D. White
management is the whole process, usually found in all groups whether state, government or private, civil or military businesses on a large scale or on a small scale.
The Liang Gie
management is the whole process of organizing each cooperative effort in a group of people to achieve certain goals.
Sondang Palan Siagian
management is the whole process of collaboration between two or more people based on certain rationalities to achieve predetermined goals.
Pariata Westra
management is a whole series of actions in every cooperative effort of a group of people to achieve certain goals.
In the 1975 curriculum mentioned in the IIID Curriculum Implementation Manual
both for elementary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools, management is all joint efforts to utilize all resources (personnel and material) effectively and efficiently to support the achievement of educational goals.
Also Read Articles That May Be Related: 17 Definitions, Understanding Management Strategies According to Experts
Educational Management Objectives
Management is carried out so that the implementation of a planned business systematically and can be evaluated correctly, accurately and completely so as to achieve goals productively, quality, effectively and efficiently.
Productivity
is the best comparison between the results obtained (output) and the number of sources used (input). Productivity can be expressed in terms of both quantity and quality.
Quality
shows a measure of valuation or award given or imposed on certain goods and / or services based on objective consideration of their weight and / or performance.
Effectiveness
is a measure of the success of organizational goals.
Efficiency
related to the way that is to make things right (doing things right) while effectiveness is related to the goal (doing the right things) or effectiveness is a comparison between planned goals achieved,
efficiency is more emphasized in the comparison between input / resource and output. Education efficiency is how the goal is achieved by having a level of efficiency in time, cost, energy and facilities.
Educational Management Function
The function of education management contains four elements, as follows:
Planning (Planning)
Planning is a process of developing organizational goals and objectives and developing a "work map" which involves how to achieve goals.
Organizing
Organizing is a process of gathering Human Resources, capital and equipment needed in an effective way to achieve goals.
Implementation
Implementation is a process by moving existing human resources to carry out an activity to achieve goals so that the efficiency of the process occurs and produce an effectiveness of the work.
Controlling
Supervision is a process of providing feedback and follow-up of the comparison between the results achieved with a plan that has been made then there is an action to adjust if there is a deviation.
Principles of Educational Management
formulate the principles of education management as follows:
Prioritizing goals above personal interests and the interests of work mechanisms.
Coordinate authority and responsibilities.
Give responsibilities to school personnel according to their characteristics and abilities.
Get to know human psychological factors.
Relativity of values.
The above principle has the essence that management in science and practice must pay attention to goals, people, tasks, and values.
Benefits of Educational Management
School managers need to have adequate knowledge about education managers as work provisions. In other words, it has a management philosophy that will benefit to:
The handle in implementing education management.
Give birth to confidence for the principal in the management process in order to achieve school goals.
Facilitate the principal in the process of thinking in order to solve school management problems in a system.
Motivate the principal to get support from school staff and withdraw his participation.
Always think effectively and efficiently in achieving goals
Know the limits of authority in management and leading the school.
The Following Is The Definition Of Understanding Educational Management According To Experts.
Leonard D. White
management is the whole process, usually found in all groups whether state, government or private, civil or military businesses on a large scale or on a small scale.
The Liang Gie
management is the whole process of organizing each cooperative effort in a group of people to achieve certain goals.
Sondang Palan Siagian
management is the whole process of collaboration between two or more people based on certain rationalities to achieve predetermined goals.
Pariata Westra
management is a whole series of actions in every cooperative effort of a group of people to achieve certain goals.
In the 1975 curriculum mentioned in the IIID Curriculum Implementation Manual
both for elementary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools, management is all joint efforts to utilize all resources (personnel and material) effectively and efficiently to support the achievement of educational goals.
Also Read Articles That May Be Related: 17 Definitions, Understanding Management Strategies According to Experts
Educational Management Objectives
Management is carried out so that the implementation of a planned business systematically and can be evaluated correctly, accurately and completely so as to achieve goals productively, quality, effectively and efficiently.
Productivity
is the best comparison between the results obtained (output) and the number of sources used (input). Productivity can be expressed in terms of both quantity and quality.
Quality
shows a measure of valuation or award given or imposed on certain goods and / or services based on objective consideration of their weight and / or performance.
Effectiveness
is a measure of the success of organizational goals.
Efficiency
related to the way that is to make things right (doing things right) while effectiveness is related to the goal (doing the right things) or effectiveness is a comparison between planned goals achieved,
efficiency is more emphasized in the comparison between input / resource and output. Education efficiency is how the goal is achieved by having a level of efficiency in time, cost, energy and facilities.
Educational Management Function
The function of education management contains four elements, as follows:
Planning (Planning)
Planning is a process of developing organizational goals and objectives and developing a "work map" which involves how to achieve goals.
Organizing
Organizing is a process of gathering Human Resources, capital and equipment needed in an effective way to achieve goals.
Implementation
Implementation is a process by moving existing human resources to carry out an activity to achieve goals so that the efficiency of the process occurs and produce an effectiveness of the work.
Controlling
Supervision is a process of providing feedback and follow-up of the comparison between the results achieved with a plan that has been made then there is an action to adjust if there is a deviation.
Principles of Educational Management
formulate the principles of education management as follows:
Prioritizing goals above personal interests and the interests of work mechanisms.
Coordinate authority and responsibilities.
Give responsibilities to school personnel according to their characteristics and abilities.
Get to know human psychological factors.
Relativity of values.
The above principle has the essence that management in science and practice must pay attention to goals, people, tasks, and values.
Benefits of Educational Management
School managers need to have adequate knowledge about education managers as work provisions. In other words, it has a management philosophy that will benefit to:
The handle in implementing education management.
Give birth to confidence for the principal in the management process in order to achieve school goals.
Facilitate the principal in the process of thinking in order to solve school management problems in a system.
Motivate the principal to get support from school staff and withdraw his participation.
Always think effectively and efficiently in achieving goals
Know the limits of authority in management and leading the school.
International Trade and Resource Factor
International Trade and Resource Factor
With international trade, there will be trade between countries so that the flow of goods will be faster and more diverse which encourages increasing needs.
Resource Factor
Human Resources
Human resources are also called labor. Labor refers to the contribution to production activities that are provided by workers both with energy and mind. The elements forming human resources include expertise, honesty, fairness, and physical strength.
In economics, labor includes physical energy and mental abilities possessed by humans. Labor is also scarce. For example, if more teachers are produced, fewer engineers will be produced resulting in a scarcity of labor while the human needs will be more numerous and varied.
Natural resources
Natural resources are very limited. For example, land that has been used to build buildings cannot be used for anything else. Thus the factor of land production becomes scarce and limited.
Capital Resources
Capital resources are all types of goods used to support the activities of producing other goods. Capital consists of machinery, buildings, power plants, and others. The amount of capital is very limited because the human ability to produce it is limited.
Factors Causing Scarcity
Limited resources
Differences in geographical location
Increase in population
Limited production capabilities
Natural disasters
Impact of Scarcity
The producers of processed soy products such as tofu and tempeh producers stopped production.
Soybean processed consumers reduce consumption portion.
The price of tempe and tofu products has increased.
The existence of tempeh and tofu is hard to find in the market.
Strategies for Overcoming Scarcity
Develop Priority Scale of Needs
The priority scale of needs is a list of various kinds of necessities of life which are arranged based on their interests, from the most important and urgent ones, they can be postponed so that they do not need to be fulfilled.
Applicable Arif and Wise in Utilizing Resources
Being wise and prudent in utilizing resources can be applied by doing the following efforts.
Utilize natural resources efficiently and effectively and explore what has not been raised. This activity needs to be done so that existing resources are not easily damaged or extinct and new ones can be used optimally.
For example: repair damaged goods.
Organizing education and skills training to improve the quality of human resources. Through this activity, it is expected that skilled workers and experts in the field will be formed so as to maximize the use of resources. For example, organizing sewing courses and mechanic training.
Manage and utilize capital resources appropriately. Appropriate management of capital resources will enable a person to manage his income properly. For entrepreneurs, he can streamline operational costs so that the profits are maximized.
Education Management - Definition, Objectives, Functions, Principles, Benefits, Scope, Experts: In the world of education also needs to be called management because to regulate the organizing process in education.
Definition of Educational Management
Education management is a process of planning, organizing, directing, supervising, and evaluating educational efforts in order to achieve the educational goals that have been previously established.
Or another definition of education management that is a form of collaboration between educational parties for the sake of achieving an educational target that has been set previously.
The general goal in education management is to carry out a formation of student personality based on the objectives of national education and the level of development or improvement for the age of education.
With international trade, there will be trade between countries so that the flow of goods will be faster and more diverse which encourages increasing needs.
Resource Factor
Human Resources
Human resources are also called labor. Labor refers to the contribution to production activities that are provided by workers both with energy and mind. The elements forming human resources include expertise, honesty, fairness, and physical strength.
In economics, labor includes physical energy and mental abilities possessed by humans. Labor is also scarce. For example, if more teachers are produced, fewer engineers will be produced resulting in a scarcity of labor while the human needs will be more numerous and varied.
Natural resources
Natural resources are very limited. For example, land that has been used to build buildings cannot be used for anything else. Thus the factor of land production becomes scarce and limited.
Capital Resources
Capital resources are all types of goods used to support the activities of producing other goods. Capital consists of machinery, buildings, power plants, and others. The amount of capital is very limited because the human ability to produce it is limited.
Factors Causing Scarcity
Limited resources
Differences in geographical location
Increase in population
Limited production capabilities
Natural disasters
Impact of Scarcity
The producers of processed soy products such as tofu and tempeh producers stopped production.
Soybean processed consumers reduce consumption portion.
The price of tempe and tofu products has increased.
The existence of tempeh and tofu is hard to find in the market.
Strategies for Overcoming Scarcity
Develop Priority Scale of Needs
The priority scale of needs is a list of various kinds of necessities of life which are arranged based on their interests, from the most important and urgent ones, they can be postponed so that they do not need to be fulfilled.
Applicable Arif and Wise in Utilizing Resources
Being wise and prudent in utilizing resources can be applied by doing the following efforts.
Utilize natural resources efficiently and effectively and explore what has not been raised. This activity needs to be done so that existing resources are not easily damaged or extinct and new ones can be used optimally.
For example: repair damaged goods.
Organizing education and skills training to improve the quality of human resources. Through this activity, it is expected that skilled workers and experts in the field will be formed so as to maximize the use of resources. For example, organizing sewing courses and mechanic training.
Manage and utilize capital resources appropriately. Appropriate management of capital resources will enable a person to manage his income properly. For entrepreneurs, he can streamline operational costs so that the profits are maximized.
Education Management - Definition, Objectives, Functions, Principles, Benefits, Scope, Experts: In the world of education also needs to be called management because to regulate the organizing process in education.
Definition of Educational Management
Education management is a process of planning, organizing, directing, supervising, and evaluating educational efforts in order to achieve the educational goals that have been previously established.
Or another definition of education management that is a form of collaboration between educational parties for the sake of achieving an educational target that has been set previously.
The general goal in education management is to carry out a formation of student personality based on the objectives of national education and the level of development or improvement for the age of education.
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